Cover-Tex Spray-On Paving was evaluated using the following test procedures. Pendulum friction value (PFV): before and after polishing, to AS 1141.41 and AS 1141.42. Cover-Tex was applied by spray to panels of 40 MPa concrete, and cured under standard conditions for 28 days. The panels were then submitted to Boral Construction Materials for testing. Abrasion resistance: (to Council of City of South Sydney Method). Cover-Tex was cast into standard size pavers, and cured for 28 days. The pavers were then submitted to Testrite Laboratories for testing. Pull-Off adhesion: Cover-Tex was cast onto a 40 MPa concrete panel and allowed to cure under standard conditions for 28 days. Core samples were taken from this panel and submitted to Testrite Laboratories for testing. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS): at 7, 14 and 28 days. Mortar cubes (75mm) were cast and allowed to cure under standard conditions. They were submitted to Testrite Laboratories for UCS testing (to AS 1012) at 7, 14 and 28 days. Concrete mix: a batch of panels, 450 x 300mm and 50mm thick were cast in form-ply moulds, using concrete made in a 60 litre Bennett Pan Mixer, from the following concrete mix. The upper surface of each panel was wood-trowel finished. 100mm cylinders (2 off) were cast and tested at 28 days to determine the compressive strength of the concrete. The result was 38MPa (see attached certificate on SPEC). Curing and surface preparation: After de-moulding (at 24 hours) the panels were cured in a standard in a standard fog-room for 14 days. They were then store on drying racks in the laboratory under ambient conditions for a further 14 days. Prior to application of the Cover-Tex, the panels were prepared by acid etching using a 4:1 mixture of water and commercial muriatic acid, accompanied by scrubbing with a firm nylon brush. When sufficient reaction had occurred to produce a clean, sand-papery surface, the panels were rinsed thoroughly with fresh water and were allowed to dry for two hours. Priming of panels: the acid-etched concrete panels were primed using a mixture of the Cover-Tex Spray-On Paving Catalyst (1 part by volume) and fresh water (2 parts by volume). This material was spread evenly over the surface using a nylon brush, and was allowed to dry until it was "dry-to-touch" before proceeding. Spraying the cover-Tex: a complete bag of Cover-Tex Powder was used for preparing these panels. Half the bag was poured into a mixing vessel, followed by 3 litres of Cover-Tex Catalyst. After stirring to produce a uniform mixture, the remainder of the powder was added, together with the "color" component. Additional catalyst was used to rinse out the color container and to adjust the mix to the required consistency. A total of 3.6 litres of Catalyst was used in the mix. The mix was left to stand for 2 minutes, and was then re-stirred. The mix was transferred to the hopper on a down-ward angled spray gun fitted with a 20 thou orifice and adjustable fan width. The material was sprayed onto the panels until an even layer of about 3mm thickness was present on all parts of the panels. Sealing the Cover-Tex: when the spray-applied Cover-Tex was dry to touch, it was sealed by application of a coat of Texcrete Clear Sealer, applied by brush. Cutting of test specimens: The coated panels panels were stored on drying racks under ambient laboratory conditions for 7 days. Two samples, 180mm x 200mm, 50mm thickness were then cut from the panels using a diamond-bladed masonry saw, and these were submitted to Boral Construction Materials prepared for the PFV testing. Abrasion test pavers: a full bag Cover-Tex was mixed 3.5 litres of Cover-Tex Catalyst and mixed for five minutes with a power stirrer. One 500ml can of color concentrate was also added. The mix was cast into panel moulds (50mm thick, 450 x 300). After curing at standard conditions for 24 days, the panels were cut into 8 panels (220 x 110mm) with a diamond-bladed masonry saw, and these were submitted to Testrite Laboratories) for abrasion testing. Adhesive test specimens: a further sample of Cover-Tex, 50mm thick, was cast from above mix onto an acid-etched and primed concrete panel and allowed to cure for 28 days under standard conditions. Three core samples 45mm ID were then taken through this composite panel for Pull-Off Adhesion testing. UCS test cubes: six 75mm cubes were cast from the above mix in steel moulds for UCS testing. These were de-moulded next day and stored in a stand fog-room until submitted to Testrite Laboratories for UCS testing at 7, 14 and 28 days (2 cubes each time). Pendulum friction values: The prepared that panels were submitted to the Materials Testing Laboratory of Boral Construction Materials, for testing in accordance with AS 1141.41 and AS 1141.42. The results for Pendulum Friction Values (PFV) before polishing were 57 and 55 (see attached certificate). This meets the Council of the city of South Sydney (CCSS) minimum PFV requirement of "45" for use on public footways, colonnades and arcades. The PFV values after polishing were 52 and 50, which are less than those before polishing. This also meets the CCSS requirements. Abrasion resistance: The Cover-Tex pavers were submitted to Testrite Laboratories for testing in accordance with the CCSS test procedure. The result was a maximum abraded volume of 0.71cc, an average abraded volume of 0.37cc and a Characteristic Abraded Volume of 0.73cc. These results meet the South Sydney Council requirement of a max. of 3.0cc for any one individual test sample. The Clay Brick and Paver Association have issued guide-lines which state that a characteristic loss on abrasion of up to 3.5cc is regarded as suitable for inner-city and major suburban pedestrian malls and paths, and for pavements with high-volume pedestrian traffic (over 30,000 passes per day) which includes about one third with high-heeled shoes. Characteristic losses up to 5.5cc are regarded as suitable for suburban shopping area pavements, pedestrian areas around institutional buildings, sporting or recreational areas. Losses greater than 5.5cc render a products suitable for in public gardens, pavements at schools or campuses, hard landscape areas, common areas of residential of residential buildings. The Clay Brick and Paver Association do not regard domestic purposes or use as road surfaces as abrasive environments and therefor do not apply the abrasion criteria to these uses. Pull-Off adhesion: The adhesion testing was carried out using a Testrite Laboratories in-house method. This involves attaching ball-jointed tension cups to either end of the core samples. The specimen is attached to a 30KN calibrated Wykeham/Farrance proving ring and strain is applied at an extension rate of 1.1mm/minute. The stress at failure, and the nature of the failure were recorded. In two samples, failure occurred wholly within the concrete, at 2.05 and 2.87MPa. The third sample failed 75% in the concrete and 25% at the bond, at 3.08MPa. These results show that the adhesion of Cover-Tex Spray-On Paving to the concrete is greater than 3MPa. Unconfined compressive strength: The six 75mm cubes were submitted to Testrite Laboratories for testing for compressive strength to AS 1012. The results were as follows (in the SPEC.). Texcrete stencil concrete was applied to panels fo freshly laid concrete (40MPa design) and cured for 28 days in the fog-room. Test were then carried out for the following properties Pendulum Friction Value (PFV) before and after polishing, to AS 1141.41 and AS 1141.42. Abrasion resistance (to Council of city of South Sydney Method). Elcometer pull-off adhesion: mortar cubes (50mm) were also made up from a mixture of Texcrete and water, for determination of compressive strength at 9 and 28 days. Preparation of concrete substrate: a batch of concrete panels, 450 x 300mm and 45mm thick were cast in form-ply moulds, using concrete made in a 60 litre Bennett Pan Mixer, from the following concrete mix. 100mm cylinders (2 off) were cast and tested at 28 days to determine the compressive strength of the concrete. The results were 41.5 and 42.5 (see attached certificate in the SPEC.). Texcrete application: Texcrete stencil concrete was applied to the panels as specified by the supplier. This involved applying the Texcrete cementitious topping as a dry powder over the freshly cast concrete slab after this had just began to set. It was then worked in with a steel trowel to wet it and raise the texture. The panels were then placed in the fog-room for 28 days. When cured, ten (10) samples, 230 x 115mm, 50mm thick were cut from the slabs for Abrasion testing, and two samples, 180mm x 200mm, 25mm thickness were prepared for the PFV testing. One panel was retained for Elcometer Pull-Off Adhesion. Pendulum friction values: The prepared test panels were submitted to the laboratories of the Council of the city of South Sydney, for testing in accordance with AS 1141.41 and AS 1141.42. The results for the Polished Friction Value (see attached certificate) were 72 and 67, and the value before polishing was greater than after polishing. This meets the CCSS requirements for use on public footways, colonnades and arcades. Abrasion testing: The prepared test panels (8 off) were submitted to the laboratories of the Council of the City of South Sydney, for testing in accordance with the council's own adaptation of a British Standard method. The result (see attached certificate) was a maximum abraded volume of 2.215cc, and an average abraded volume of 1.94cc. This meets the council's requirement of a max. of 3.0cc for any individual sample of the 8 samples tested. The Clay Brick and Paver Association have issued guide-lines which state that loss on abrasion of up to 3.5cc is regarded as suitable for inner-city and major suburban pedestrian malls and paths, and for pavements with high-volume pedestrian traffic (over 30,000 passes per day) which includes about one third with high-heeled shoes. Loss up to 5.5cc is regarded as suitable for suburban shopping area pavements, pedestrian areas around institutional buildings, sporting or recreational areas. Losses greater than 5.5cc render a product suitable for paths in public gardens, pavements at schools or campuses, hard landscape areas, common areas of residential buildings. They do not regard domestic purposes or use as road surfaces to be abrasive environments and therefore do not apply the abrasion criteria to these uses. Adhesion: The adhesion testing was carried out using an Elcometer pull-off tester, to ASTM D1002. Firstly a hole 20mm diameter was cored through the topping into the top of the substrate. Two aluminium dollies were glued to the topping inside the cored area. After 48 hours curing of the epoxy, the dollies were removed using the Pull-Off tester. The force required to remove the dollies, and the nature of the failure were recorded. The result showed that the adhesion of the topping to the concrete is greater than 3MPa. In both cases failure occurred within the topping, showing the adhesion to be greater than the cohesive strength of the material. Compressive strength: The two 50mm cubes submitted to Testrite Laboratories for testing for compressive strength to AS1012. The results (see attached certificate) were 39MPa after 7 days, 50MPa after 14 days and 62MPa after 28 days.