The diaphragm valve is divided by a diaphragm into two chambers which are connected by an air passage which is smaller in diameter than the orifice of the pilot valve. When the orifice opens, the air in the upper chamber is exhausted much faster than air can enter through the air passage.
The pressure of upper chamber suddenly drops, the much higher pressure of the lower chamber thus pushes the diaphragm to open the Diaphragm Valve Unit. The abrupt air blast is therefore directed to inflate the filter and shock down the dust clinging. When the orifice closes, the two chambers' pressures become equalised, the diaphragm is pushed down (closed) by the spring force.

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