Xanthan gum is currently the most superior biological gum in the world, which integrates thickening, suspension, emulsification, and stability. The amount of pyruvate groups at the end of the molecular side chain of xanthan gum has a significant impact on its properties. Xanthan gum has the general properties of long-chain polymers, but it contains more functional groups than general polymers and exhibits unique properties under specific conditions. Its conformation in aqueous solution is diverse, and it exhibits different characteristics under different conditions.