Zinc has the longest history of use in sacrificial cathodic protection methods. Zinc has been used widely for decades both for marine and soil applications. Zinc anodes are usually used in low resistivity soils below 1000 ohm-cm and in seawater or produced brines. Zinc is excellent for use as an electrical ground and special 99.99% pure Zinc can be used as permanent reference electrodes under tank bottoms and inside vessels. In addition to bulk cast zinc anodes, we also have zinc ribbon anodes. Typical uses include condensers, hulls, heat exchangers, ballast tanks, piers, pilings, and offshore pipelines.